At the same time, he has certain characteristics which are unique to him only. Social workers strive to increase their clients' capability to change, address their own needs and become self-reliant. In England, around the end of the 19th century, outside visitor (called almoner) at the instance of Sir Charles Loch came to help hospitals to serve their patients effectively. His feelings are as important as any other objective fact. They promote clients' socially responsible self-determination based on their individual values. Social casework of today is not totally different from our traditional (scripture-described) approach to individual problem. ..144 VII.TheBasisofPurposefulAction..159 VIII.TheHome 175 IX.School—Workshop— ^Hospital—Court. The caseworker does not offer help to the person only at his personal request but also when the person does not seek/or resists help. A person is the net product of interaction between biological, psychological and environmental (social and physical) factors. Social workers help the total individual, i.e., with every aspect of life which, in any way, is detrimental to his living a full life—a life wherein one is not uncomfortable with the happenings in and around him. They improve relationships among people in order to restore and promote the functionality of clients, their families and communities. In the rural areas, the top 4 percent own 30 percent of the total assets while bottom 20 percent had hardly 1 percent of the assets (Laharia, 1986). Social casework, as taught today in Indian schools of social work, has been imported from the West, specially from USA. Can social casework, in such socio-economic conditions of India, be useful to render services to the people? Copyright 10. These factors lie either in the nature of person, his way of dealing with or in the situation of the person. Ethical values and principles involved Dignity and Worth of the Person – As the NASW Code of Ethics states, social workers seek to resolve conflicts between clients’ interests and the broader society’s interests in a socially responsible manner consistent with the values, ethical principles, and ethical standards of the profession. They also offer a helpful list of unique social work career and certification specializations. In order to maintain their integrity, social workers improve their work expertise through continually increasing their career competency. of 50 compete with a person of 100 I.Q. Indians had their own ways to achieve and accomplish the individual purposes. Every individual, in turn, has to contribute to the society’s development by assuming his social responsibility, discharging his functions honestly and acting properly and adequately in his social roles. The six core values of social work have ethical principles which are the ideals to which each social worker should strive to meet. Political will and administrative capacity “to remove poverty have been missing”. In a society of rapid change and development, the scientific By 1911, social casework had emerged in USA as an accepted formal technique though the first book on social casework was published in 1917 by an American, Marry Richmond. Its roots lie in our cultural beliefs and values (like seven vows taken during the Hindu marriage), norms and systems like joint family etc. important for solution of the client’s problem-situation. The Code summarizes broad ethical principles that reflect the profession's core values and establishes a set of specific ethical standards that should be used to guide social work practice. Richmond (1917), in her earliest work, has pleaded for an intensive study and use of social relationship in social casework. In social case work the worker have to give this right to the client so that he can decide and take best possible action in his self interest. Social casework (or social work) values have roots in the democratic social system. Expert resources on social work careers and education options. Values: Social casework (or social work) values have roots in the democratic social system. willingness to help social justice respect for humanity kindness integrity maintaining professional boundaries • Shardlow, S. (2003) Social work values and knowledge, Basingstoke, Macmillan. Social casework, as taught and practised in India today, is understood as an approach to help individuals but not at random. Behaviour can be de-learned, re-learned and modified to the extent desirable. These individually or together threaten or have already attacked the person’s living arrangement or the effectiveness of his efforts to deal with it. One is considered to be capable of taking decisions about one’s own future and the helper is only to tell him the pros and cons of his decisions to enable him to choose his own future course of action. In this task, he has to interact with different types of people and face different environmental conditions. The caseworker intervenes (helps) in any or all of these aspects to enable the person to function adequately and properly in his various social roles. The Code identifies core values on which social work's mission is based. Content Filtrations 6. This compensation does not influence our school rankings, resource guides, or other editorially-independent information published on this site. And, even during the British rule, only few attempted to present it into a systematic way for the consumption of common people. Talking by itself in many cases results in insight into one’s behaviour, thus equipping one with better ways or managing the life affairs. The principles of social casework are applied in. These core values are inherent to the effectiveness of social work activities and programs. Social workers ensure that their clients have access to basic services, resources and information. For example, a physician will help only with physical problems, a teacher with educational problems and a lawyer with the legal problems. Every individual, child or adult, in order to grow and develop, has various needs (psychological, physical and social) to fulfill. There is a need to determine and accumulate. They promote clients' socially responsible self-determination based on their individual values. Boehm (1959) comments on the current state of classification of problems in social casework. Their work involved investigation to determine clients’ needs, central registration, recording, relief giving and use of volunteer, i.e., friendly visitor. In collecting information’s on these aspects, he talks to the client, his family, friends, relatives or employer and consults records wherever important to understand the problem-situation. 46 Social Work Intervention with Individuals and Groups 3 Practice of Social Casework * P.D. Richmond (1917), who gave a scientific status to casework, defines social casework as one consisting of “those processes which develop personality through adjustments consciously effected, individual by individual, between man and their social environment”. Social workers must always act in trustworthy ways. (2) All problems in social functioning are psycho-social in nature and most are interpersonal as well: Social casework, to start with was more concerned with socio-psychological problems. So, during the exploratory and diagnostic process one tries to understand the characteristic way of functioning, interaction of the psyche and social forces, and relationship pattern of the client. Social workers must always elevate public service above self-interest and personal gain. Since social functioning is product of interaction among intrapsychic, somatic and social forces, social casework involves assessing the internal and social factors which impair or threaten the person’s role performance and helps him to find and use the somatic, psychic and social resources at his disposal to eliminate or reduce malfunction and to enhance functioning in social roles. Social functioning means functioning in different roles one has achieved or has been assigned by society according to his position. Principles of Social Work Practice is the first textbook to deal exclusively and thoroughly with the significant principles of social work practice and methods that integrate these principles into the common base of practice. The help is offered through a particular process as mentioned before. (1) Greater use of interventive approaches, results of which can be measured and standardised; (2) Increasing use of various concepts from various theories and disciplines; (3) Emphasis on coping skills with less focus on the inner problems; (4) Blending of different casework models of practice for better results; and. (3) Within certain limits, man can be understood and helped: Man is a product of a very subtle and complicated interaction process between bio-psycho-social (including environmental) factors. Social workers must honestly and responsibly conduct themselves in public to encourage their coworkers and support their organization. The Six Social Work Core Values. Social casework can thus be said to be scientific art to help an individual to live a socially productive and individually satisfying life limited to by his capacities and social realities. Neither the individual nor the society can be conceived of without each other. Lack of resources, non-fulfillment of needs, unpleasant social reactions and unfavourable physical conditions make human development and functioning (i.e., adaptation) difficult and sometimes impossible. Thus, the concept of scientific charity came into practice and it was recognised that “the poor, and those in trouble worse than poverty, have not, in common, any type of physical, intellectual or moral development which would warrant an attempt to group them as a class”. Principles of respect for the inherent dignity and worth of persons, the pursuit of social justice, and culturally responsive practice that applies an anti-oppressive lens to all areas of practice and is grounded in ethics, values, and humility, are central to social work. Material resources are used as tools to effect desirable changes in his situation and functioning. The caseworker helps the client to act in order to achieve some personal/social goals by utilising the available resources in terms of strength of personality of the client, his social system or material provisions available in the community and/ or agency. 195 X.TheFormsofSocialWorkandtheir Interrelations 222 XI.CaseWorkandDemocracy One can reformulate these phases as engagement, exploration (study), assessment (diagnosis), planning (inclusive of goal-setting), intervention, evaluation and follow up, and disengagement. Values of social work6 9. 6. Our society’s group orientation emphasises on one’s duty to others around us. Similarly, when I see my teacher, I bow down and greet him, which is termed as a socio-psychological act. Friendly visitors of COS (USA) discovered that all the poor were—not alike and that they should be treated differently. He must know the limitations of the agency as well as that of the setting in which the agency is operating. The unique pattern that emerges from this interaction is his personality which comprises of his capacities and abilities, attitudes, beliefs and values, feelings, and thinking and his approach, or strategies to deal with various situations of life. According to Bowers (1949), “social casework is an art in which knowledge of the science of human relations and skills in relationship are used to mobilise capacities in the individual and resources in the community appropriate for better adjustment between the client and all or any part of his total environment”. The approach behind this service by AICP had a clear departure from the earlier services to the poor in colonial America under Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601, etc., which was based on the concept of charity. This change was because of acceptance of the idea by Americans that social and economic variables influenced man’s behaviour meaningfully. Right of self-determination has been demanded by various people living in various regions of the world so that they can choose their own government. for help in dealing with the situation. We promote human rights and social justice. These core codes serve certain purposes. After World War II, with the problems of morale, leadership, propaganda, separation, communication, etc., social workers found social sciences more useful. Malfunctioning is the problem. This is the human limitation. Direct contact between client and social worker is essential to accomplish the assessment and service plan. Both the situations have social and psychological components therefore, these form psycho-social aspects of his life. These contain certain ideas which are valuable to anyone engaged in social work practice. Bartlett (1970) defines social functioning as “the interaction between the coping activity of people and the demand from the environment”. Principle of non-judgemental6. It is through these processes only that the client substitutes his unrealistic and irrational beliefs and definitions by realistic and correct ones, straightens his attitudes, develops self-control over his feelings, and changes his lifestyle necessary to achieve what he desires to achieve in life. No relationship, no communication. Boehm (1959) explains the nature of social casework with due emphasis on social and psychological aspects of human functioning. For example, I think to present a pen to my child and I give it. The child learns where and when to pass faeces, what to eat, what to put on, etc. Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics, 10(2) Discusses four main areas that child welfare workers consider while assessing neglect. Stress is a pressure which may manifest itself in malfunctioning. Relationship is the medium. (iv) Avoid projection of his own family relationships to the client’s family situation. How Long Does It Take to Become a Social Worker? 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