The color of the fly is very variable, but there are prominant yellow and dark brown to black markings on the thorax. Businesses that produce meals, like catering companies, hotels, and nursing facilities, often have to deal with these pests. Reg. On the other hand are fruit fly foggers designed for application in … Synonymization of key pest species within the. The mature larva emerges from the fruit, drops to the ground, and forms a tan to dark brown puparium about 4.9 mm in length. Cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton with large convex, sharply pointed mouth hook each side, each hook about 2X hypostome length; hypostomium with prominent, semi-rounded subyhypostomium; post-hypostomial plates curved gradually to dorsal bridge, fused with sclerotized rays of central area of dorsal wing plate but with a semi-articulated area between; parastomium prominent; dorsal wing plate with posterior ray split; dorsal bridge anterior with a sclerotized point; pharyngeal plate about 25% longer than dorsal wing plate, with median area below dorsal bridge relatively unsclerotized, and a prominent hood. Larvae of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). As the common name, Ethiopian fruit fly, suggests, D. ciliatus is native to East Africa (Vayssières et al., 2008). Photograph by Okinawa Prefectural Fruit Fly Eradication Project Office. Drew RAI, Courtice AC, Teakle DS. 1985. Ebeling W. 1959. Most fruits can be affected including peaches, oranges, apples, pears, tomatoes and capsicums. Berg GH. Figure 12. Distribution: Queensland fruit fly is a native pest occurring throughout eastern Australia. Identification of Fruit Fly Larvae Frequently Intercepted at Ports of Entry of the United States. If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, Photograph by Scott Bauer, USDA. Fullaway DT. Larva (scientific description): The larva of the oriental fruit fly is quite similar to that of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) (Berg 1979, Hardy and Adachi 1956, Pruitt 1953). Figure 7. Insects Micronesia (Honolulu) 14: 1-28. Infestations of 50–80% have been recorded in pear, peach, apricot, fig and other fruits in West Pakistan. South Brisbane, Australia. Bactrocera dorsalis was formerly known as Dacus dorsalis. Abstract The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious pest inaect for vegetables and fruits in Yunnan Province. Egg: The white, elongate and elliptical egg measures about 1.17 x 0.21 mm and has a chorion without sculpturing. 2005). Pupation occurs in the soil. Journal of Chemical Ecology 15: 1399-1405. In this study, the diversity and distribution of fruit fly parasitoids and their reservoir plants along a latitudinal gradient in three zones of mango production in Senegal were reported. Caudal end with paired dorsal papillules (D1 and D2) diagonally dorsad to each spiracular plate; intermediate papillules (I1-2) as widely-separated pair on a large raised and curved elevation diagonally ventrad of each spiracular plate, with a remote I3 at about 45° from the I1-2 elevation; L1 on the median edge of the caudal end; a pair of ventral papillules (V1-2) approximately ventrad of I2 near the latero-ventral edge of the caudal end (V2 indistinct); posterior spiracles as three elongated (ca. University of California, Division of Agricultural Science 436 pp. Enter your email address below and we will send you your username, If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username, I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of Use, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7917.2001.tb00483.x. (July 2007). Hardy DE. Learn about our remote access options, Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China. As a result of their widespread distribution, pest status, invasive ability and potential impact on market access, B. dorsalis and many other fruit fly species are considered major threats to many countries. Figure 3. Figure 6. The tropical fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of the Australasian and Oceanian region. Drawing by Division of Plant Industry. Mexican fruit fly adults have been trapped a number of times in California and several infestations have been eradicated from the state. Adults of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Diptera: Tephritidae. All Japanese territories were declared free of the oriental fruit fly in 1985, after an 18-year program of eradication combining insecticide-impregnated fiberblocks or cotton containing the powerful male attractant methyl-eugenol, and the sterile insect (sterile male) technique. The developmental periods may be extended considerably by cool weather. Internac. In July 2010, fruit flies were discovered in traps in Sacramento and Placer counties. A quarantine was established and an eradication program begun (CDFA 2010). Unlimited viewing of the article PDF and any associated supplements and figures. 1949. European cherry fruit fly is the most serious pest of cherries in Europe. These bacterial colonies are more plentiful under humid conditions. Adult: The adult, which is noticeably larger than a house fly, has a body length of about 8.0 mm; the wing is about 7.3 mm in length and is mostly hyaline. Once they begin reproducing indoors, females are able to lay about 500 eggs and the eggs will hatch in as little as 24-30 hours after being deposited by the female. If you have previously obtained access with your personal account, please log in. Drew RAI. Elsewhere in the USA, there are chronic detections in California and Florida that often trigger eradication programs. Relationship of sexual maturation rate to response of Oriental fruit fly strains (Diptera: Tephritidae) to methyl eugenol. Taxonomy and distribution of the oriental fruit fly and related species (Tephritidae, Diptera). Figure 4. Injury to fruit, as with other members of this genus of fruit flies, occurs through oviposition punctures and subsequent larval development. It is native to large parts of tropical Asia, has become established over much of sub-Saharan Africa, and is often intercepted in the United States, sometimes triggering eradication programs. Other synonyms include Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White, Bactrocera papayae Drew & Hancock, and Bactrocera philippinensis Drew & Hancock (Schutze et al. Figure 2. Figure 9. Caudal end of larva. 1991. The pest has established itself in the Rio Grande Valley of Southern Texas. Photograph by Okinawa Prefectural Fruit Fly Eradication Project Office. Liquido NJ. The Fruit Flies or Tephritidae of California. There are traps which can be used to detect the presence of fruit fly. 1963. Drawing by Division of Plant Industry. Goergen G, Vayssières J-F, Gnanvossou D, Tindo M. 2011. 36 pp. 2011), Pacific Islands: Mariana Islands, Tahiti, Hawaii. There are about 950 species and 150 genera of fruit fly (Tephritidae) known in Africa, most of which form a natural component of Africa’s rich and varied biodiversity, in … In heavily infested areas, the fly can destroy up to 100 percent of cherry and other host plants if left uncontrolled. The biology and identification of trypetid larvae (Diptera: Trypetidae). Anterior spiracle of larva. suspensa. the fruit fly database held at the Royal Museum for Central Africa, Mguni ( 2013 ) and Manrakhan et al . Proceedings of the Entomology Society of Washington 51: 181-205. Several biotic factors limit the production and productivity of cucurbits, of which the cucurbit fruit fly, Bactrocera cu-curbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae), has been the most prominent pest. Photograph by Scott Bauer, USDA. 1983. Impact of introduction of. Environmental Entomology 20: 1732-1736. The adult flies congregate on foliage and fruit to feed on bacterial colonies and later to mate. The full text of this article hosted at iucr.org is unavailable due to technical difficulties. Agropec. This makes the pests difficult to control. Photograph by Okinawa Prefectural Fruit Fly Eradication Project Office. There are foggers designed to deliver short insecticide bursts. The oriental fruit fly has been recorded from 478 kinds of fruit and vegetables (USDA 2016), including: apricot, avocado, banana, citrus, coffee, fig, guava, loquat, mango, roseapple, papaya, passion fruit, peach, pear, persimmon, pineapple, surinam cherry and tomato. Phillips VT. 1946. Given the life spans of a species of fruit fly have a bell-shaped distribution, with the mean of 33 days and the standard deviation of 4 days. The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) is one of the world's most economically damaging pests. It displays highly seasonal population dynamics, and the environmental conditions suitable for its abundance are not constant throughout the year in most places. Adults of the wasp Biosteres arisanus, a parasitoid of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Photograph by Okinawa Prefectural Fruit Fly Eradication Project Office. 2004). The Mexican fruit fly is found in Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico and Nicaragua. Figure 1. The Geographic Distribution Map of C. capitata (Updated December 2013). Unlimited viewing of the article/chapter PDF and any associated supplements and figures. Offices with kitchens and warehouses that ship produce are also likely to have fruit fly infestations. The ovipositor is very slender and sharply pointed. Bacteria as a natural source of food for adult fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). A Review of Recorded Host Plants of Oriental Fruit Fly, Vargas RI, Leblanc L, Putoa R, Eitam A. Wong TTY, McInnis DO, Nishimoto JI. The factory is currently producing 2 million sterile fruit flies a week, with production ramping up in the coming weeks and expected to reach 50 million a week by 2019. In elevation, the Oriental fruit fly was trapped at altitude of 500–2300 m above sea level, in which high trap catches appeared between 500–1000 m. It is proposed that the variations of the fruit fly distribution in altitude and latitude are principally correlated with local temperatures and host plants. Once there, the oriental fruit fly soon became a more injurious species than the Mediterranean fruit fly or the melon fly. Subtropical Fruit Pests. The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata(Wiedemann), is one of the world's most destructive fruit pests. Abstract The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious pest inaect for vegetables and fruits in Yunnan Province. Drawing by Division of Plant Industry. Sanidad. 3X width) oval openings on each kidney-shaped spiracular plate, with dorsal and ventral spiracles angled to the caudal end center, and the median spiracle relatively straight; interspiracular processes (hairs) numerous, at four sites on each plate, latero-distal to spiracles, and the tips usually bifurcate; anal lobes entire and prominent. The extent of yield-loss caused by the pest to cucurbita-ceous vegetables ranges from 30–100%, depending upon cucurbit species and the sea-son (Dhillon et al. Figure 10. Eggs of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Adult female oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), laying eggs by inserting her ovipositor in a papaya. To the north of Luku, Dayiao and Qujing is the zone without the insect, where the Oriental fruit fly was not trapped and no fruits infested by the fly were found during the present study. When the fruit fly exclusion zone was withdrawn in Victoria and New South Wales in 2013, B. tryoni became endemic once again in this area and the national distribution of B. tryoni changed. Armitage HM. Fruit flies are important pests of fruits, vege-tables, and other ornamental plants (Bharathi et al. Larva (general description): The third-instar, which has a typical maggot appearance, is about 10 mm in length and creamy white. 1953. Oriental Fruit Fly Information. Studies in Hawaiian fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae). Hardy DE. Steck GJ. Generally, the abdomen has two horizontal black stripes and a longitudinal median stripe extending from the base of the third segment to the apex of the abdomen. Distribution. The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a very destructive pest of fruit in areas where it occurs. Drawing by Division of Plant Industry. Adult: The common fruit fly is normally a yellow brown (tan) color, and is only about 3 mm in length and 2 mm in width (Manning 1999, Patterson, et al 1943). Life Spans of Fruit Flies The life spans of a species of fruit fly have a bell-shaped distribution, with a mean of 33 days and a standard deviation of 4 days. To the south of Guannan, Yuanjiang and Rulin is the annual distribution zone. Figure 13. The genus Bactrocera includes nearly 600 species, (2016). Fruit flies also may breed and develop in drains, garbage disposals, trash cans, and mop buckets. Due to confusion with other species, some country records have been based on misidentifications. Mexican fruit fly is one of the world's most destructive invasive pests, attacking more than 40 different kinds of fruits and vegetables. USDA. 1. Larvae of fruit flies. Distribution data from areas outside Africa were obtained ( 2015 ). Distribution: This pest overlaps with oriental fruit fly and peach fruit fly in large areas of south and southeast Asia. The economic importance of this fruit fly is increasing due to its invasion of new geographical areas. (a) The life spans of three randomly selected fruit flies are 33 days, 29 days, and 42 days. University of Florida (Gainesville), MS thesis. USDA Compendium of Fruit Fly Host Information ***** UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS IS PROHIBITED ***** You are accessing a U.S. Government information system, which may be accessed and used only for official Government business (or as otherwise permitted by regulation) by authorized personnel. About nine days are required for attainment of sexual maturity after the adult fly emerges. Schutze MK, Aketarawong N, Amornsak W, Armstrong KF, Augustinos AA, Barr N, Bo W, Bourtzis K, Boykin LM, Cáceres C, Cameron SL, Chapman TA, Chinvinijkul S, Chomic A, De Meyer M, Drosopoulou E, Englezou A, Ekesi S, Gariou-Papalexiou A, Geib SM, Hailstones D, Hasanuzzaman M, Haymer D, Hee AKW, Hendrichs J, Jessup A, Ji Q, Khamis FM, Krosch MN, Leblanc L, Mahmood K, Malacrida AR, Mavragani-Tsipidou P, Mwatawala M, Nishida R, Ono H, Reyes J, Rubinoff D, San Jose M, Shelly TE, Srikachar S, Tan KH, Thanaphum S, Haq I, Vijaysegaran S, Wee SL, Yesmin F, Zacharopoulou A, Clarke R. 2015. Ovipositor of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Drawing by Division of Plant Industry. 2007): Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China (southern), Hong Kong, India (numerous states), Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Ogasawara Islands, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Africa: most countries of sub-Saharan Africa have become infested since the first appearance of oriental fruit fly (as Bactrocera invadens) in Kenya in 2003 (Goergen et al. 2007. 1979. We found B. dorsalis to be distributed in 75 countries (comprised of 124 geographical distribution regions: provinces or states) in Asia, Africa, North … Figure 8. Because of its wide distribution over the world, its ability to tolerate cooler cli… Adult female (center) and anterior spiracle of third instar larva (lower left). View the article PDF and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. Fighting Fruit Flies Regionally in Sub-Saharan Africa Fighting Fruit Flies Regionally in Sub-Saharan Africa Page 3 N°1, January 2011 Testimonies in various issues of this newsletter have high-lighted the destructive impact of the invasive fruit fly, Bac-trocera invadens, on fruit production and export in Eastern and Western Africa. The European cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cerasi L.) is the most serious pest of cherries. In Hawaii, larvae were found in more than 125 kinds of hosts. Figure 14. Steiner trap used to monitor and control the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Posterior spiracles and anal lobes of larva. While not established in Florida, oriental fruit fly and relatives, such as Bactrocera correcta, are regularly trapped in this state. Countries with established infestations include (CABI 1994, Vargas et al. Please check your email for instructions on resetting your password. 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Like catering companies, hotels, and 42 days descriptions were from larvae examined in verified samples from (! Fly strains ( Diptera: Trypetidae ) FDACS-Division of Plant fruit fly distribution will cooperate with in. Than 68 species that are very closely related and difficult to identify on bacterial colonies are plentiful...

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